This publication has been brought out with an objective of collecting information regarding location specific research and recommended technologies for harvesting high productivity on sustainable basis. To make this publication more informative and relevant, chapters on different crops have been. The book includes chapters: Introduction, Essential and beneficial elements: Major plant nutrients, Essential and beneficial elements: The secondary nutrients, Essential and beneficial elements: The micronutrients, Mechanism of nutrient transport in plants, Measures to overcome deficiencies and toxins of minerals, Nutrient deficiencies, Problem soils, Acid soils and reclamation, Salt affected soils (saline and alkali) and reclamation, Calcareous soils and reclamation, Fertilizers and insecticides: Effects on soil, water and air, Irrigation water, Soil fertility, Methods of soil testing: Soil sampling and processing, Soil testing: Physical parameters, Soil testing: Chemical parameters, Soil testing: Biological analysis, Soil test based fertilizers recommendations to crops, Factors influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), Nutrient and fertilizer requirements of different crops.