Biofortification was coined as term to define plant breeding strategy to increase the micronutrient content of staple food crop and to reduce the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in low and middle -income countries. It has been emerged as an innovative, sustainable, and cost-effective strategy to combat hidden hunger and micronutrient deficiencies that affect billions of people on a global level. This chapter explores the scientific basis, approaches, and health benefits of biofortified foods while emphasizing their role in enhancing nutritional security. As the key challenges to embed biofortification in food system and to expands its impact so that its works on improving the nutritional quality of staple crops through agronomic practices, conventional breeding or modern biotechnology. Farmers have also shown motivation to adopt the latest high -yielding, high profit crops. High productivity leads to lower prices. As a consequence, consumer can increase their mineral and vitamin intake at no additional cost by substituting biofortified staple foods from non-biofortified staple foods. As a result, biofortification strategy is recognized by the international nutrition community as one of the effective approaches among several interventions in order to reduce micronutrient deficiencies, initiatives such as HarvestPlus, ICAR, and FAO have demonstrated significant success in developing biofortified varieties of crops such as iron-rich pearl millet, zinc wheat, and provitamin A maize. These crops not only address micronutrient malnutrition but also promote better public health outcomes especially among vulnerable populations. This is the promising beginning that is embracing as a newly emerging technology. This chapter also highlights the health impacts, challenges, and future prospects of biofortification in India and in abroad. Overall, biofortified foods present a promising pathway toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2 and SDG 3) by ensuring food systems that are both nutritious and sustainable.

Keywords: Biofortification, Nutritional Security, Micronutrient Deficiency, Public Health, Sustainable.