Microbes are the part of our lives in more ways than most understand. Microbiology is one of the most applied of all the biological sciences. Microbiology can be divided into two major fields: theoretical and applied. The major fields of applied microbiology are: Medical microbiology. Aquatic microbiology, Aero-microbiology, Agricultural, Industrial microbiology, Exo-microbiology and Geochemical microbiology. Industrial and pharmaceutical microbiology are the most promising areas of applied microbiology.

Health care products derived from microbial biosynthesis are antibiotics, hormones, vitamins, and vaccines. Pharmaceutical microbiologists have several tricks to increase the amount of the chosen end product. Use of industrial fermentation processes begin with microbial cells acting as living factories.